Second Jacobite Revolt (The 45)
Jacobite revolt led by Charles Edward Stuart, The Young Pretender, in the name of his father, James Francis Edward Stuart, the Old Pretender, aided by the French as part of their effort against Britain in the War of the Austrian Succession. The young pretender landed in Scotland on 23 July 1745, accompanied by seven friends, and the Stuart standard was raised on 19 August, by which point Charles Edward had nine hundred men. He entered Edinburgh on 17 September. On the 21st, he defeated Sir John Cope and the bulk of the Loyalist garrison at Prestonpans, and the victory helped attact men to his army. Against much advice, Charles Edward then decided to invade England. His plan had depended on French intervention and English jacobites rising to support him, neither of which happened, and his move into England fatally overextended him. Initially he was successful, capturing Carlisle on 17 November, and reaching Preston, Manchester and Macclesfield, before arriving at Derby on 4 December. By this point he was facing the Loyalist army led by the duke of Cumberland, and his officers refused to march any further into England. Charles Edward was forced to return to Scotland, where he was still able to gain some successes, but Cumberland finally caught him at Culloden on 16 April 1746, where the Jacobite army was crushed. Charles himself escaped the field, and eventually managed to excape to France, creating the image of 'Bonnie Prince Charlie', although his own bad judgement had contributed much to his defeat.
How to cite this article:
Rickard, J. (3 November 2000), Second Jacobite Revolt (The 45), http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/wars_jacobite34.html
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