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The Seleucid Dynasty ruled one of the successor kingdoms created from the empire of Alexander the Great. The founder of the dynasty, Seleucus I Nicator, had been one of Alexander's generals. The Seleucid empire took 311 BC as its foundation date. At its peak the Seleucid Empire stretched from Asia Minor (modern Turkey), through Syria and Persia to the Indus River.
The dynasty decayed into a seemingly endless civil war and was deposed in favour of Tigranes the Great of Armenia in 83 BC.
At the end of a long period of decline, the remaining parts of the Seleucid empire were eventually annexed by the Romans in 64 BC.
| Seleucus I Nicator | -280 BC | |
| Antiochus I Soter | 280-262/1 BC | Son of Seleucus I |
| Antiochus II Theos | 261-247 BC | Son of Antiochus I |
| Seleucus II Callinicus | 247-226 BC | Son of Antiochus II |
| Seleucus III Soter | 226-223 BC | Son of Seleucus II |
| Antiochus III (the Great) | 223-187 BC | Son of Seleucus II |
| Seleucus IV Philopator | 187-175 BC | Son of Antiochus III |
| Antiochus IV Epiphanes | 175-163 BC | Son of Antiochus III |
| Antiochus V Eupator | 163-162 BC | Son of Antiochus IV |
| Demetrius I Soter | 162-150 BC | Son of Seleucus IV |
| Alexander Balas | 150-145 BC | Usurper |
| Demetrius II Nicator | 145-139/8 BC | Son of Demetrius I |
| Antiochus VI Epiphanes | 145-142/1 BC |
Son of Alexander Balas |
| Antiochus VII (Sidetes) | 139/9-129 BC | Son of Demetrius I |
| Demetrius II Nicator | 129-125 BC |
(second reign) |
| Cleopatra Thea and Antiochus VIII (Grypus) |
125-121 BC | |
| Antiochus VIII (Grypus) | 121-96 BC | Son of Demetrius II |
| Antiochus IX (Cyzicenus) | 115-95 BC |
Son of Antiochus VII |
| Seleucus VI Epiphanes | 96-95 BC | Son of Antiochus VIII |
| Antiochus X Eusabes | 95-83 BC | Son of Antiochus IX |
| Antiochus XI Epiphanes | 95-92 BC | Son of Antiochus VIII |
| Philip I Philadelphus | 95-83 BC | Son of Antiochus VIII |
| Demetrius III Eucaerus | 95 BC (opposed to above) |
Son of Antiochus VIII |
| Antiochus XII Dionysus | 87-84 BC (opposed to Philip I) |
Son of Antiochus VIII |