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Eighth Air Force Heavy Bomber Mission No. 78: 182 aircraft sent to attack industrial targets at Kassel and 120 aircraft sent to attack industrial targets at Oschersleben. 22 aircraft lost.
The Germans begin to evacute Hamburg. Nearly one million people leave the city over the next few days.
German submarine U-404 sunk with all hands off Cape Ortegal
German submarine U-159 sunk with all hands off Haiti
President Roosevelt broadcasts the Allies terms for an Italian surrender
Inferno: The Devastation of Hamburg, 1943, Keith Lowe. Quite possibly the best book yet written on the Allied bombing campaign against Germany, Lowe examines the week-long attack on Hamburg in July 1943 from the point of view of the bomber pilots, the German night fighter pilots and the citizens of Hamburg. A brilliantly researched and written account of one of the more somber periods in European History. [see more]
