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September 1917
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Canadian troops launch one of the best prepared attacks of the entire First World War and capture most of Vimy Ridge in a single succesful assault. The Germans are also unable to hold onto their second line and have to retreat to their third and final defensive line, four miles east of the ridge.
The Germans are unable to retake the ridge, but the Allies are also unable to take advantage of the gap in the German lines.
General Otto von Below is made commander-in-chief of the Austro-German 14th Army on the Italian Front. On 24 October this army was at the spearhead of the attack at Caporetto that broke the Italian lines on the Isonzo and pushed the Italians back seventy miles to the Piave.